Before coming into effect, the US constitution required ratification by nine states. It was a long and complex fight before the US ratification. The states were interested in retaining their power and therefore they strongly resisted the ratification of a new strong central government. Those favouring the ratification came to be known as Federalists while those opposing it came to be known as anti-federalists. There existed vast and complex differences between the federalist and the anti- federalists. The federalist views could be better be termed as nationalist. They had remained instrumental in the shaping of the new US constitution. A series of essays that were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay explained and defended the constitution as well as defended its provisions. The federalists even defended what was the weakest point in the constitution, a lack of bill of rights. Their essays suggested that the protections were sufficient and that the Congress could always propose amendments. On the other hand were the Anti-federalists like Patrick Henry who suggested that such a constitution could lead to a dangerously powerful national government. In the first paragraph of Federalist Number 10 James Madison wrote, “AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. … (Madison, 1787)”. James Madison had been trying to defend the weaknesses of the constitution and clarify its strengths which were not strengths in the sight of the anti-federalists. Eventually, the federalists were able to persuade several of the anti-federalists too through their essays and papers. Among all the anti-federalist papers, Brutus 15 is a very important one. It is an antifederalist paper that hits on the weakness of the US constitution and the growing power of the government. In the opening paragraph the author explains, “I said in my last number, that the supreme court under this constitution would be exalted above all other power in the government, and subject to no control. The business of this paper will be to illustrate this, and to shew the danger that will result from it” (Constitutionsociety, 1788). This is what the author does throughout the paper, explaining the ills of the US constitution and the new government to be formed under it. While the antifederalists continued to oppose the new constitution in their essays, the problem was that they could never unite across the states and therefore could not supposedly deal a strong blow to their target, the new constitution. Their first major success was that they could force the new Congress under the new constitution to establish a bill of rights that could ensure the liberties which according to the antifederalist the new constitution violated. The antifederalists vehemently opposed the constitution as well as continued to speak against it through the antifederalist papers. However, since they were not united, they could not substantially exert their power.
References: Madison, J. (1787). Federalist No. 10. In Hanover. Retrieved December 28, 2015, from http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111federalist.html Brutus 15 (1788). In Constitution Society. Retrieved December 28, 2015, from http://www.constitution.org/afp/brutus15.htm Notes and insightful articles.
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Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights
While Heathcliff becomes a monster after having lost Catherine and punishes everyone he holds accountable for his loss, his life still seems the gloomiest of all in the novel. He and Catherine have grown up together and love each other but Catherine decides to marry Linton instead of a gypsy who has got nothing but his identity crisis to share with her. He cannot afford to lose Catherine and leaves for some time. When he returns, he is rich but the loss of Catherine has turned him into a monstrosity. He acquires both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange and marries Linton’s sister. However, Lockwood’s arrival brings back memories of Catherine when Lockwood reads her diary. He sees Heathcliff crying for her to be back on the window. While Heathcliff seems to be inflicting harsh punishment on everyone, it also appears he has punished himself the most and inside he is a romantic hero who has just been subjected to more pain than he deserved. Catherine in Wuthering heights
Catherine is the heroine of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. As a kid she has been a naughty and defiant creature who never follows what she is told. Her father remained worried and irritated at her behaviour. However, he could never do anything to prevent her out of his love for her and Heathcliff. She had Heathcliff grew up together and both were ill treated by Hindley after Mr Earnshaw’s death. However, once she has grown up things change a lot in her life. She decides to marry Edgar Linton and that brings the biggest change in her life. She wants social status and Heathcliff could not afford it. Linton can afford the social status but cannot afford the same love as Heathcliff. This keeps he divided between the two. Heathcliff longs for her and even after her death, wants her back. Her life is full of contradictions and irony and never a thing happens in it as per expectations. While Wuthering Heights is quite gloomy and its settings and events macabre, the novel still has engaging characters. Despite her difficult and unpredictable attitude, Catherine is an adorable character even after her death. The characters in Forster's A Passage to India are life-like and engaging. The author has chosen a variety of characters to represent the variety found in India. However, not just the Indian characters but the British characters too represent various personality types and outlook. Some of the primary characters in his novel include Dr Aziz, Cyril Fielding, Mrs Moore, Adela Quested, Ronny Hyslop and Professor Godbole. E M Forster begins the novel with an exploration of the Muslim part and that is why the first part is titled Mosque. Aziz is the central character in this part who is a devout and educated Muslim. Initially, he is very hospitable to the British but soon after an accident at the Marabar caves finds out that the English cannot be made friends. Much of Forster's novel is full of dialogues as in a drama and so are his characters - dramatic. The British rule in India is a comical drama and so are most of the British characters whom Forster ridicules for their comic attitude. Among them, there are a few who represent a different and somewhat friendly attitude. Cyril Fielding is the most balanced character who remains a very good friend of Aziz for most part of the novel. Aziz seems a simple character at first but soon readers discover that his emotions are complex like most Indian Muslims who find it difficult to confide in others. Characters like Aziz, Mahmoud Ali, Hamidullah and Nawab Bahadur help readers understand the Muslim part of India which got separated with the partition. The Muslims think no one understands them. If the British are villains then Hindus too are difficult to believe. The Indian subcontinent is divided along several lines. Even among Hindus there are so many sects and clans that Forster calls India a muddle. This muddle is evident in the Indian emotions too. Whether it is Aziz, Hamidullah, Godbole or the other Indian characters, the things are not as straight-forward with them as they appear. Still these characters are strong and Mrs Moore and Adela Quested end up impressing readers despite their immature understanding of India. Cyril Fielding seems a representation of Forster's own outlook and is kind and open minded in his approach. Even when Aziz has started suspecting him, he knows there is a rift between the two but cannot help loving his old friend. He is a character with strong morale and therefore is hated by his own at a point when he dares stand for the natives. However, he wins and at last is assimilated back into the pack. Forster has also used these characters to show the real cunning face of the Britishers. Ronny Heaslop is the epitome of ugly British mindset who cannot think fair of the natives. He and the others in his pack, the Turtons and Burtons are comic and love playing Gods to the natives. Through several episodes or chapters Forster brings out the behind the curtains story of these English men and women. Read more about Forster's A Passage to India Adidas SWOT Analysis 2017
Adidas recorded many critical achievements in 2016. However, the challenge from Nike is tough and Adidas would need to sustain its recent performance. Here is a brief SWOT analysis highlighting its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Read on…. Strengths: Brand image Market presence Growth through acquisition Sponsorships and partnerships Innovative marketing strategy: Focus on product and design innovation Great financial performance in 2016 Weaknesses: Spur in marketing investment: Tough competition from Nike resulting in customer retention related pressure Opportunities: Product and design innovation Increase in demand for athleisure products Expanding in the emerging markets Threats: Market dominance of Nike is the biggest threat Political tensions and economic uncertainty arising from Brexit Economic uncertainty in key markets Over dependence on suppliers Conclusion: Overall, 2016 was a quite successful year for Adidas and 2017 opened on a strong note. The brand’s financial performance has improved owing to its increased focus on marketing in the recent years. Read a detailed analysis @ https://notesmatic.com/category/swot-analysis/ Many people feel confused over whether Google has a marketing strategy or not. It does have a marketing and branding strategy and now it is also spending on promoting its search engine through ads. At the root is Google’s brand image. Its image of a customer friendly brand has two important pillars. First it is a user friendly brand and most of its products are so friendly to use that even kids do not have a problem using them. from their search engine to Google maps, all of them are fun to use. Second, is the price factor. Its products are not just good quality, for individual users many of them are nearly free. So, its products are affordable and accessible. Both these factors are effective in terms of marketing. An easy to remember name is easier to market. You can also understand it in terms of Google’s branding strategy. It is a brand that has grown popular based on utility. Chrome is definitely a great browser. Google plus has not been able to provide the kind of utility that Facebook and Twitter can and still it has got a nice user base. As in the case of Apple, great marketing begins from great products.. Google too has brought some matchless products to the market. This was the product part.. Google has also managed to balance the price part of its marketing game. However, that does not mean it does not have to spend on marketing and advertising. In the Asian markets, it is promoting its search engine through television ads. The search engine is available in local languages too. Now, it is a household name and in the technological circles and IT industry, you know the value and special importance that its name holds. To learn more, have a look at its marketing mix..so as to understand how its marketing strategy has progressed through these years.. Marketing Mix of Google. Shakespeare's Othello is about several things including love, hatred, zeal, jealousy, bravery, cowardice and also about women. There are three important women in the drama including Desdemona, Bianca and Emilia. None of the three earns love and satisfaction of the kind she expects. Desdemona's death in the drama seems like asking of the Venetian society, " Look what you do your innocent women". Othello strikes on the social norms of a male dominated society and shows how they have clipped their wings and made them subordinate creatures following their owners whim. Desdemona never gets to know where she erred and Emilia has very slight inkling of her husband's real face. Both have to die because their husbands fail to be husbands. Desdemona remains true and devoted but in return she gets only pain and punishment. Emilia thinks her husband is honest but at the end she too is subjected to a similar fate. Bianca is another woman that never gets an important status in a society of men. Shakespeare's Othello highlights how the societies that do not respect their women will perish.
A SWOT analysis is a very fundamental tool for business analysis. While businesses have adopted new and better methods of analysis that help with a deeper understanding of business, SWOT has not grown irrelevant. However, SWOT can still be a great starting point if you want to grab a quick picture of a business’ position. It also helps with a comparative analysis. Like if you know the internal and external picture of a business, you can easily understand where it is positioned with respect to the competitors. Starting from a business’ strengths - Strengths will help you understand a brand’s ability to withstand competitive pressure and its potential for growth. A brand with more strengths will be more ready for market changes and new challenges. Understanding weaknesses helps understand how the strengths have helped the brand with managing its shortcomings or how can changing market conditions affect it and to what level. what opportunities are there for it and what kind of threats will hinder its growth is also included in a SWOT analysis. Overall, it helps understand a complete picture of the business and helps with strategy formulation. So, you can say, it helps you understand the bigger picture. A business cannot always have only strengths. There are challenges and opportunities for all. All these factors can be understood through the SWOT analysis. If you wish to move deeper, you can conduct a TOWS analysis. Know more on SWOT : SWOT Analysis Archives - cheshnotes
Image is a very important factor in the marketing of any brand. A differentiated image helps at standing out from the crowd. There are several factors that help a brand create a differentiated image. the image of any brand is created by a combination of several factors that include its logo, its atmosphere, marketing and advertising, events and personalities. Even the leaders and their personalities play a special role in creating the image of a brand. Some of the brands that have successfully differentiated and marketed their image are Starbucks, Apple and Google. A differentiated image also means higher brand recognition. However a differentiated brand image cannot be created so easily. However, if created it can become a critical source of competitive advantage.
Starbucks: Starbucks has successfully differentiated its image in the industry as a premium, customer friendly and ethical brand. All these factors make it highly popular and this becomes a source of competitive advantage. Part from premium quality products, it is known for ethical business and a customer friendly environment at its stores. Apple: Apple has successfully differentiated its image as a high end technology brandthat caters to the high end consumers mainly. It does not charge low prices to maintain its premium image. This image also relates to the high quality of its products. Google: Google has created the image of a user friendly brand. It is also one of the main reasons behind its popularity. From its search engine to its chrome browser, all are designed to provide a user friendly experience. In this way, image differentiation helps brands generate competitive advantage which is also sustainable. Differentiation can have several benefits. Read more about differentiation. Unilever SWOT Analysis
2015 and 2016 have been years of financial growth and increase in market share for Unilever. With its large array of brands and products, Unilever is enjoying continuous growth and heavy profits. Apart from good financial performance, 60% of the brand’s business also gained market share. This is a SWOT analysis that highlights its key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the brand. Strengths: - Large array of popular brands and products of which 13 have sales of €1 billion or more. - Global presence – more than 190 countries. - Strong financial performance for the last eight years. - Focus on innovation – - Economies of scale allowing the brand to perform with efficiency and lower operating costs - Manufacturing and supply chain strengths: - Innovative marketing practices Weaknesses: - Lack of forward integration – - Availability of a high number of substitutes - Opportunities: - Emerging Asian markets – - Millenial generation and their lifestyle needs – - Sweeping health consciousness – Threats: - Currency fluctuations – - Intense competition: - Sluggish growth and economic crisis in key economies read a detailed swot @ https://www.cheshnotes.com/2017/07/unilever-swot-analysis/ |
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October 2021
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